 |
|
ECONOMY OF RUSSIA
|
The Russian economy underwent tremendous stress as it moved from a centrally planned economy to a free market system despite the country’s well-known wealth of natural resources, its well-educated population, and its diverse - although increasingly dilapidated - industrial base. By the end of 1997, Russia had achieved some well-observable progress. Inflation had been brought under control, the ruble was stabilized, and an ambitious privatization program had transferred thousands of enterprises to private ownership. Some important market-oriented laws had also been passed, including a commercial code governing business relations and the establishment of an arbitration court for resolving economic disputes. But in 1998, the Asian financial crisis swept through the country, contributing to a sharp decline in Russia's earnings from oil exports and resulting in an exodus of foreign investors. Matters came to a head in August 1998 when the government allowed the ruble to fall and stopped payment on $40 billion in ruble bonds.
Russia, however, appears to have weathered the crisis relatively well, though ordinary persons found their wages and pensions dramatically falling.
In 1999, output increased by an officially estimated 3.2%, regaining much of the 4.6% drop of 1998. Of great help was the tripling of international oil prices in the second half of 1999, raising the export surplus to $29 billion (oil and gas dominate Russian exports, so Russia remains highly dependent upon the price of energy). The ruble stabilized, inflation was getting moderate, and investment began to increase again. Russia is making progress in meeting its foreign debts obligations. Russia not only met its external debt services but also made large advance repayments of principal on IMF (International Monetary Fund) loans and also built up Central Bank reserves with government budget and trade.
Fiscal policy has been very disciplined since the 1998 debt crisis, though lack of legislation and, where there is legislation, lack of effective law enforcement, in many areas of economic activity is a pressing issue. Taxation and business regulations remain unpredictable.
On the positive side, the new corporate tax code went into effect and Russian businesses are increasingly turning to the courts to resolve disputes
Nonetheless attitudes left over from the Soviet period will take many years to overcome. |
|
| Добавлено: 30-5-2004 08:17PM |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
В связи с повышенным интересом аудитории сайта osvic.ru к публикуемым на сайте рейтингам,
специалисты фирмы «Ос.А» в очередной раз предупреждают:
никакой рейтинг не является истиной в последней инстанции!
Для оценки ситуации на рынке, в конкретном случае, образовательных услуг, труда, рейтинги и полезны, и интересны.
Пользуйтесь на здоровье, изучайте, сравнивайте, анализируйте, делайте свои выводы на основе рейтинга, но не теряйте здравого смысла.
Ведь рейтинги делают люди, а им свойственно ошибаться.
|
sexdollpartner
Obviously, I need a sex doll that can function as both a real doll and a mannequin. But I have to remember which dolls I have to discard because they're unavailable in France, or which brands of laptops can fit inside.
 15-11-2025 07:06AM NYWO000
|
|
On-page optimization involves optimizing individual
On-page optimization involves optimizing individual web pages to rank higher and earn more relevant traffic. Ensure that your chosen keywords are strategically placed in your content's title, headings, meta descriptions, and throughout the body. However, avoid keyword stuffing, as it can negatively impact user experience and search rankings.
Ingredient 4: Technical SEO
Technical SEO focuses on the backend elements of your website that affect its visibility on search engines. Ensure your website has a mobile-responsive design, fast loading Color Correction times, secure HTTPS connection, and proper XML sitemap. Fix broken links, optimize images, and use descriptive URLs to make it easier for search engine crawlers to index your content.
http://agentemaillist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Color-Correction.png[/...
3-8-2023 07:38AM soburkhan111
|
|
On-page optimization involves optimizing individual
On-page optimization involves optimizing individual web pages to rank higher and earn more relevant traffic. Ensure that your chosen keywords are strategically placed in your content's title, headings, meta descriptions, and throughout the body. However, avoid keyword stuffing, as it can negatively impact user experience and search rankings.
Ingredient 4: Technical SEO
Technical SEO focuses on the backend elements of your website that affect its visibility on search engines. Ensure your website has a mobile-responsive design, fast loading Color Correction times, secure HTTPS connection, and proper XML sitemap. Fix broken links, optimize images, and use descriptive URLs to make it easier for search engine crawlers to index your content.
http://agentemaillist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Color-Correction.png[/...
3-8-2023 07:37AM soburkhan111
|
|
Министр финансов РФ Силуанов: зарплаты бюджетников вырастут более чем на 8% в 2023 году
Зарплаты граждан, работающих в бюджетном секторе, будут увеличены на более чем 8% в 2023 году. По словам министра финансов России Антона Силуанова данный прирост соответствует прогнозу роста заработной платы экономики. «Заработные платы работников бюджетной сферы вырастут на уровень прогноза роста заработной платы экономики — более 8%», — заявил Силуанов в кулуарах Совета Федерации. В то же время заработные платы сотрудников правоохранительных органов в 2023 году будут расти опережающими темпами и будут зависеть от динамики инфляции в стране.
по материалам https://tass.ru/
30-11-2022 03:35PM expert
|
|
|
|
